Non-Consensual Synthetic Intimate Imagery: Prevalence, Attitudes, and Knowledge in 10 Countries

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Authors: Rebecca Umbach, Nicola Henry, Gemma Beard, Colleen Berryessa

Published: 2024-01-26 21:51:49+00:00

AI Summary

This research paper investigates public attitudes and behaviors concerning deepfake pornography, a form of non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery (NSII). A survey of over 16,000 respondents across 10 countries reveals low awareness but strong condemnation of NSII, with low self-reported victimization and perpetration rates.

Abstract

Deepfake technologies have become ubiquitous, democratizing the ability to manipulate photos and videos. One popular use of deepfake technology is the creation of sexually explicit content, which can then be posted and shared widely on the internet. Drawing on a survey of over 16,000 respondents in 10 different countries, this article examines attitudes and behaviors related to deepfake pornography as a specific form of non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery (NSII). Our study found that deepfake pornography behaviors were considered harmful by respondents, despite nascent societal awareness. Regarding the prevalence of deepfake porn victimization and perpetration, 2.2% of all respondents indicated personal victimization, and 1.8% all of respondents indicated perpetration behaviors. Respondents from countries with specific legislation still reported perpetration and victimization experiences, suggesting NSII laws are inadequate to deter perpetration. Approaches to prevent and reduce harms may include digital literacy education, as well as enforced platform policies, practices, and tools which better detect, prevent, and respond to NSII content.

Key findings

Awareness of deepfake pornography was low (less than 30%), yet respondents largely condemned associated behaviors. Victimization and perpetration rates were low (2.2% and 1.8% respectively). Men reported higher rates of both victimization and perpetration and viewed such behaviors as less harmful than women.

Approach

The study uses a quantitative survey methodology with over 16,000 respondents across 10 countries to assess awareness of and attitudes toward deepfake pornography, examining prevalence of victimization and perpetration behaviors and their correlation with gender. Qualitative data from an open-ended question provides additional context.

Datasets

Survey data from over 16,000 respondents in 10 countries (Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Spain, USA).

Model(s)

UNKNOWN

Author countries

USA, Australia, USA

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